Solar panel: is the core component of the system, responsible for converting solar energy into direct current. Common are monocrystalline silicon solar cells, polycrystalline silicon solar cells, amorphous silicon solar cells and multi-compound solar cells. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon solar cells is the highest, up to about 24%, but the production cost is large; The cost of polycrystalline silicon solar cells is relatively low, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is about 12%. Amorphous silicon solar cells can also generate electricity under low light conditions, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency is low and unstable. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of multi-compound solar cells is high, up to about 18%, and no degradation effect caused by light radiation is found.

Solar controller: composed of a dedicated processor CPU, electronic components, displays, switching power tubes, etc., the main role is to control the working state of the entire system, and the role of over-charge protection and over-discharge protection of the battery, in the place where the temperature difference is large, it should also have the function of temperature compensation. In addition, light control switch, time control switch, etc. can be used as additional functions of the controller.

Battery (group) : When there is light, the energy emitted by the solar panel is stored, and then released when needed to ensure that the system can supply power normally in rainy days or when there is no light. Commonly used are lead-acid maintenance-free batteries, ordinary lead-acid batteries, colloidal batteries and alkaline nickel-cadmium batteries, among which lead-acid maintenance-free batteries and colloidal batteries are widely used in domestic solar photovoltaic power generation.

Inverters: If you need to provide power to 220VAC appliances, you need to use a DC-AC inverter to convert the direct current energy emitted by the solar power system into alternating current energy. Inverters are divided into off-grid inverters and grid-connected inverters